You can't live in fear. Just keep earplugs in or with you when you're out and about. You'll soon learn to adapt to your surroundings and new way of living. Takes a good year, but you'll get there. I was just the same as you. Rule for me is, if it seems too loud, it probably is.
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You'll soon learn to throw earplugs in if you see or are around dogs & children. As for some situations like being on a plane, it's natural to worry, & it's trial & error most of the time. I took a flight last year and was very nervous, but was absolutely fine. You will be okay. Just take things slowly, and protect those ears.