I assume you are talking about a physical sensation and not an emotion. Tinnitus is not something you feel, it is something you hear.
What you are describing is reminiscent of hyperacusis. That is, you experience normal sound levels as too loud. When you have hyperacusis, you can get this sensation where it "feels" though as if your "brain is vibrating". The brain can't vibrate though. This vibratory sensation is likely the result of middle ear muscle contractions. This can be a spontaneous contraction every now and then or take on the form of a disorder called tonic tensor tympani syndrome where at least one of these muscles is more or less constantly contracting and relaxing, causing you to hear clicks or thumping sounds all the time.
These symptoms are sometimes referred to as objective tinnitus, because they can be observed by an observer, better known as a "doctor". Doctors don't normally investigate these symptoms when patients complaint about it. They go by your patient history and their gut feeling. They can't even see these tiny muscles with a regular otoscope. They need to use a microscope, and they don't normally pull those out unless they are doing micro-surgery. It's just too much trouble for little return and it's a lot of time wasted. Besides, even if they pull out the big guns and they objectively diagnose you with something like tonic tensor tympani syndrome or similar, there is not much they can do for you. They can proscribe some medications or inject botox to calm down or paralyze these muscles. But botox wears off with time and medication can have unwanted side-effects.
In addition to these symptoms, you can have hyperacusis with ear pain. But not everyone gets ear pain with hyperacusis. I normally don't get ear pain, but I have a mild hyperacusis. Although I can get ear pain if I have been exposed to a loud environment.
Pain is the body's warning system. If your ears are already compromised, you will get ear pain more easily or more frequently then before, as a way to prevent further damage.
Tensor tympani muscle pulling on the ear drum?
We hear with our ears, not with headsets or hearing aids. Try to cut down on your headset use if you can, or avoid it altogether. You may have a profession where you can't do that, and I can understand that. If you only use it for entertainment you have no excuse not to stop using it.