As mentioned in an earlier post, I had an appointment yesterday with the Swiss Professor of Neurosurgery, Dr. Jeanmonod. The appointment took place in Solothurn (Switzerland). I arrived the day before and stayed at a hotel nearby in order to be ready for the 09:30 appointment and full-day consultation/examination. I was greeted by the professor himself and we spoke briefly for 5-10 minutes about the day's agenda. First item on the schedule was a high resolution EEG scan. The scan is similar to the ones performed by regular neurologists, but instead of using 16-20 electrodes, this examination uses 64 (and can therefore collect more brain wave data). There is hence more preparation time involved as each of the electrodes needs to be covered in jelly-like substance in order to ensure electrical conductivity (x 64!!!). The scan itself took 3x5 minutes (ie. 5 minutes EEG-data collection with eyes closed, followed by a 5 minute scan with eyes open, and then a final 5 minute-scan with eyes closed again).
On a slight side note, I should mention that, the staff – incl. Professor Jeanmonod - is very nice to be around. This is similar to the population of the German speaking part of Switzerland. I have myself lived in the French speaking part of Switzerland for eight years, but despite that, I actually did not do much travelling within the Swiss borders during that time – and hence I am somewhat unfamiliar with much of Switzerland and its culture. Only minor problem (for me) with the German speaking part of Switzerland is the Swiss-German dialect which – even for Germans – can be tough to comprehend at all times.
The EEG-scan including preparation time took approximately 45 minutes to complete; the data was clean and without too much interfering electrical muscle activity from facial and/or eye-movements (patients must remain still during the exam – and no coffee in the morning). Then I had my first chance to really speak with the professor one-on-one. We spoke for 1½ hours. It was mainly me doing the talking, and I gave him a solid overview of what I had been up to in terms of treatments over the past year or so. Those who have followed some of my posts will know that I am no novice when it comes to experimental medicine and tinnitus: LLLT, 2 stem cell treatments, skeletal/muscular Procaine-injections, steriods, potassium modulators – not to mention an endless number of doctors' appointments with ENTs, neurologists, dentists, chiroprators, GPs – as well as attempts to participate in clinical trials.
Now, Prof. Jeanmonod is of course a neurosurgeon. But it became clear to me during the morning consultation that he also has some amount of schooling and/or interest in psychology. Therapeutic and diagnostic psychology. During the consultation, I therefore knew I was being "observed" from more than just the neurological point-of-view. I therefore also knew that my unrestrained criticism of TRT and limitless insults of the ENT-community might well backfire with a withheld verdict from professor along the lines: "Mr. Hansen, I think there is a lot of anger inside of you".
A good 2½ hours had passed since my arrival at the clinic, and we broke-up for lunch and the professor suggested we reconvene 2 hours later (by which time the data assessment of my EEG scan would be complete). Some members on this board have questioned the price of the consultation (ie. EUR 2200,-). It is certainly a lot of money, but I should mention that I was also the only patient at the clinic that day – and essentially the professor and his staff had cleared their whole day schedule just for me (similar to what any other patient seeking his help would get).
We got going again at 2:30 in the afternoon. By this time the EEG data had been compiled and I was ready to receive my "verdict". This time it was mainly the professor doing the talking. Now, I am normally quite comfortable relaying medical information in general (even as a non-doctor), but the brain
is an exception. And the follow-up consultation most definitely did involve the (human) brain. So forgive me if not everything is 100% correct. The kind of tinnitus that the professor can diagnose (and treat) is a case of tinnitus where a loss of auditory input to the brain has been established resulting in abnormal brain wave activity known as brain wave dysrhythmia (see my EEG results further down). The way this dysfunction arises is something like following: auditory input (from the ear) is passed on to the thalamus. Between the thalamus and the auditory cortex, there is a mapping/exchange of information which can become dysfunctional when a loss of auditory input occurs. The culprit/explanation of this is something known as the "edge-effect".
In my case, abnormal brain wave activity
was observed, but not in a statistically significant manner. I am therefore not a candidate for surgery. Professor Jeanmonod then offered me three additional explanations as to why tinnitus might be present in a person – he referred to three topics informally as:
1) ENT-related (ie. tinnitus having an origin within the domain of an ENT – could be cochlea related, pulsatile-related and/or objective tinnitus).
2) Muscular-tension related; a focus area involving the understanding of trigger points – and an area of medicine which is receiving an increased amount of focus.
3) Emotional tinnitus; a type of tinnitus which the brain itself is "responsible for" and without any objectively measurable reasons (ie. audiograms without significant hearing loss and/or normal EEG scans).
The above three etiologies do not have a formal diagnostic method. It is therefore a "best guess" which category the patient belongs to.
At this point we went next door to a very simple examination room for a short series of neurological tests – the kind any neurologist will perform on you (but there were no gait tests involved here). Additionally, I was asked to complete a very symbolic psychological test: it consisted of a white rectangular pad roughly 15 x 25 cm; on it was a yellow circle at the bottom right hand corner (about 7 cm in diameter). I was then asked to place circular magnets on the magnetic pad (in relation to the yellow-filled circle). The pad represented myself and my environment; the yellow circle represented me (as a person), and the coloured magnets represented areas of focus in my life eg. friends, work, tinnitus, and social activities. Apparently, this simple test can reveal a lot about a person. I decided to complete the test in a way that would (hopefully) confuse any psychologist. [What the professor did not know about me is that I have completed a fair bit of psychological assessment myself: I have done no fewer than 200 properly rated IQ tests, roughly 15 analytical/partial IQ tests, 7 different personality profile tests, and 20 hours of psychological assessment.]
Based on the above as well as my own account of my tinnitus history, the professor concluded my tinnitus is probably best explained by an "emotional-origin". From then on, we had a bit of a back-and-forth exchange of ideas. I will list them below – as well as some of my own ideas/theories.
1) The professor's #1 theory/model on tinnitus as being caused by a loss of auditory input to the brain assumes that the person, a) has had a loss of auditory input, and b) has had a stressful event in his or her life later on. A loss of auditory input per se, is not sufficient to create tinnitus in this case. Now the professor – with more than a decade of study – may well be right, but his model almost certainly assumes that the loss of auditory input to the brain is maintained. In my case – due to my experimental treatments – I have managed to restore a fair bit of auditory input, and brain plasticity may be setting in as a consequence. Essentially, I am wondering if – in simplistic terms – I would have tested differently on the EEG scan had I showed up at the clinic before any of my LLLT and stem cell treatments.
2) I should mention that prior to developing tinnitus in April 2013, I had one month before that developed a case of so-called micro eye-floaters. Due to my young-ish age (35 at the time), I knew that the eye floaters were most likely micro-floaters and consequently inoperable (or likely so). I sense within myself that perhaps that episode may have triggered "something" within me (ie. the so-called
stressful event that the professor mentions is necessary for tinnitus to occur in the brain). For sure I was annoyed by the floaters themselves (still am) – but also by the fact that I had seen my GP and a number of eye specialists for my constant eye inflammations during the two years prior to the eye floaters occurring (the inflammation being the culprit). I hold them accountable for basically not doing their job ie. not diagnosing me and treating me for the underlying cause of the constant eye inflammations I was having back then. In relation to this, I have provided insights on this board into the use of stem cells and autoimmune diseases [see thread: tinnitus in one ear].
3) There was also a surprise for the day's consultation: it turns out that Prof. Jeanmonod himself has tinnitus. In a previous life, he had played in a band. He did not develop tinnitus from that alone, but from a stressful period later in life. But as he had explained to me earlier: there are two components that must be fulfilled in order to develop tinnitus according to his model:
loss of auditory input to the brain and an
emotional trigger. He mentioned it had been a problem for him for a couple of months post onset and then he moved on. His own tinnitus was a non-issue for him. Indeed, he seemed completely well functioning and totally unaffected by it.
4) We did discuss the use of psychotherapy in the treatment of tinnitus. He himself is not a big fan of TRT, specifically, but instead prefers more tailored psychotherapy. He specifically said that while conditions such as depression and anxiety can be hard to treat, it is nothing compared to how difficult it is to treat "acceptance". To
accept a situation or condition in life – be it a lost limb or tinnitus – is one of the hardest things we humans can be confronted with. We discussed the topic back and forth for some time. I sensed from the discussion that he thinks psychotherapy does have a role to play in the treatment of tinnitus – and to the extent that it matters, I would myself suggest seeking out a therapist with a minimum of a Ph.d level background and specific knowledge of treating tinnitus and acceptance. The professor made it clear to me that the topic of "acceptance" is crucial. Acceptance, he explained, is different to "learn to live with it" – and plays a fundamental role in certain parts of psychotherapy.
5) We also discussed the current on-going clinical trials for various treatments of tinnitus. This was towards the end of the consultation. We instantly agreed with each other how critical the screening process of the candidates is. Unless the candidates are screened and diagnosed with a specific type of tinnitus, the clinical trial sponsors will not know what "category" the participants belong to. Which could well be why drug development has so far been unsuccessful. Compare it with a drug maker developing a new antibiotic and testing it on people who simply "have an infection". Unless it is determined if the infection is viral or bacterial – and if so, which type of bacteria – then proving efficacy of the antibiotic is difficult indeed. And that's the difficulty drug producers of tinnitus treatments are facing (because there is no device which currently can screen people objectively for tinnitus). One of the few individuals who can objectively diagnose people with subjective tinnitus is of course the professor himself. But even he can only do so for a specific type of tinnitus (as already mentioned). My own reflection on this is that Autifony – with their tight limitations on hearing loss – may well be "doing things right". Audiology cannot diagnose tinnitus directly, but by placing strict limits on hearing loss you can at least enhance the chances of getting the right candidates. And in the absence of an all-knowing device which can objectively diagnose all cases of tinnitus, that is perhaps the best thing that can be done at this moment in time.
With the above information, I feel I have captured the essentials and highlights of the full day consultation with Professor Jeanmonod. He is a very nice person – for sure. I am glad I went to see him. For me, speaking with the professor has been the only time during my entire last year of experimental treatments that I felt I spoke with someone who knows enough about tinnitus to have a worthwhile discussion about it. From time-to-time, I believe it can be a good investment to seek out a professor in any field of medicine; there is a significant difference in the level of knowledge between your "average GP" and a professor who specializes in tinnitus surgery.
This post also marks the end of my year-long journey into the world of experimental medicine. At this point in time, I have travelled more than 40,000 kilometers for my various treatments, spent more than 60,000 dollars in non-refundable medical expenses, and shared a good deal of information on the various on-going clinical trials as well as financial data on pharmaceutical companies. I have shared and documented the very best and most unique medical treatments available – the kind of treatments that your average GP or ENT "around the corner" or "down the block" will definitely
not know about.
It is difficult to gauge if my journey has ended on a high- or a low-note. From my meeting with the professor, I am left with the reinforced opinion that curing tinnitus can indeed be quite a challenge. The brain is a seriously complicated piece of biological machinery; understanding it is more than difficult enough; curing pathologies
within the brain even more so. We are still some way off from really truly understanding what tinnitus is. But I am still relatively (and realistically?) hopeful that the sponsors of the current clinical trials are onto "something". I should also mention that I have myself experienced what I believe are a new series of improvements with my own tinnitus; I am having episodes where my tinnitus almost disappears for an hour or two – and this has never happened before. I want to see where this all leads. I will be doing a bit more research on potassium modulators and dosage levels, and "see what happens". I will do an update at some point in the "Flupirtine thread".
As the day with the professor approached its end, I started gathering my various medical papers that – by this time – were scattered all across the table. And as I did so, Professor Jeanmonod uttered the "magic words" that I will not soon forget: "Mr. Hansen… your knowledge of medicine is impressive indeed".
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