@Agrajag364
First and foremost: while I am a neuroscientist, and I do study the limbic system, I (currently) know about as much about tinnitus as you do (or maybe less, because I've only had it for 2 months). So in that regard, it's hard for me to critique this paper with complete conviction. But I'll give you my thoughts, such as they are:
First, Neuron is a top journal - better than any journal I've yet published in - and so on that basis alone I'd say the article has considerable respectability. At the very least, one can expect that it was an influential paper when it came out.
That said, the paper is still from 2010, and in neuroscience timeframes, that's practically eons ago. First: the quality/sophistication of neuroimaging studies has increased exponentially since then. But also, theories/ideas of the brain's communication networks continue to evolve. And so, even though the paper was likely influential back then, I'd probably not rely on it too heavily unless subsequent work has backed up it's hypotheses. I haven't looked to see how well cited this paper was, or what work it's since spawned... but those would be important factors to consider.
Re the hypothesis itself: I'm personally pretty skeptical. While it's not impossible to conceive of limbic structures as gating out unwanted sound, the dominant theories of limbic system function continue to proscribe it a primary role in identifying, highlighting and activating brain/body responses to important environmental stimuli. And so I'd still lean towards theories that hypothesize the limbic system as incorrectly interpreting the sounds as important, rather than as inadvertently letting them through. But as I said, I don't really have a strong knowledge of limbic/auditory cortex interactions, so perhaps I'm wrong.
Even if I'm wrong, and limbic regions do gate these unwanted sounds: I can't help but think that this theory is somewhat akin to saying that it was the princess's fault that she got kidnapped, because after the city walls were destroyed by the incoming troops, she was outnumbered and overpowered. To argue that killing hair cells led to a compensatory sound that then overpowered the gates...and so the gate must have be broken, doesn't fully jive for me.
But with all that said, one really important point: the cause and the solution for tinnitus may not be the same. So, for instance, while I'm skeptical that poor limbic gating is the *cause* of the tinnitus symptoms, I think it's more plausible that neural systems could be altered so that the limbic system (or some other region) were strengthened to counteract, and thus gate, the tinnitus sounds. Does that make sense? It may not be that we have a broken limbic system, but it could be that super strengthening it could help.
Not sure if that was more info than you were looking for. Sometimes I get carried away.