Frequency Therapeutics — Hearing Loss Regeneration

There is no way that it's a placebo. The only way I could see this fucking up is the audiologists purposely increasing the volume to make it look like the participants had improved hearing, but the likelihood of that is low, they would not want the company to get a bad reputation.
I agree, absolute 0 chance of placebo. While I think the news we received is great and uplifting I think it will take positive news from the trial results to shutdown all of the placebo talk. Cheers till March and May.
 
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This also happened after the Phase 1/2 results and again in that article. It's actually interesting that there were no comments about the placebo effect after the 21 months assessment. I wonder whether some claiming placebo promptly decided to stay mum.
Well said. I always forget about the 21 month placebo effect. Lol.
 
No one knows. Many people around here tend to think so though (with no scientific evidence).
It's not accurate to say there is no evidence.

There is a lot of evidence that in cases where the underlying cause can be treated (e.g., Hydrops) the tinnitus resolves with treating the underlying cause which means it's not "stuck in the brain." See also ear infections and ear wax, ETD, etc.

If you treat TMJ or get cochlear implants or hearing aids often you can improve tinnitus even with their severe (especially in frequency range) limitations.

So, we know the brain isn't "stuck" in maladaptive plasticity. If the cause of auditory interference is hair cell loss and not hydrops (or any other cause), then it wouldn't make sense for the brain suddenly to be stuck in maladaptive plasticity.

They haven't had a study on hair cell regeneration specifically obviously because it hasn't previously been possible, but at the very least we have anecdotal evidence it applies here too per the Tinnitus Talk Podcast interview.
 
No one knows. Many people around here tend to think so though (with no scientific evidence).
I've posted this here several times but I think it bears repeating, from the Hearing Health Foundation, a reliable source.

"Mounting evidence implicates tinnitus as an indicator of underlying auditory deficits, however mild these deficits might be, and including "hidden hearing loss" that isn't captured via the standard audiogram. This takes us from the former concept of "some form of hearing loss is associated with tinnitus" to a picture in which "tinnitus is a symptom of a form of hearing loss."

"In conclusion, all indications are that tinnitus, when not caused directly by a central nervous system issue (e.g., stroke), is always associated with one or more forms of hearing loss. As a result, although a treatment of most forms of tinnitus will likely emerge in the years to come, curing tinnitus will first require curing hearing loss. It also points to tinnitus potentially being an early symptom of an underlying auditory injury before measurable audiometric changes."

https://hearinghealthfoundation.org/blogs/tinnitus-and-noise-trauma-to-the-inner-ear
 
Yes, I have already seen this posted elsewhere. I don't want to be a 'killjoy' but my worry is that this patient has technically broken their NDA and this could have an impact on the trial. Maybe I'm just being paranoid but what if they halted the trial because of this?
Don't worry, they're not going to shut down the trial based on one possible NDA violation. Millions of dollars spent on drug development in general and double- or gazillion-blinded studies specifically would never be risked if those investments could be sunk by one person over-sharing their experience.
 
It was me who broke the NDA. I took out a massive short on Frequency Therapeutics. Not only is the stock going to crash, but all of the research will be destroyed, and Carl LeBel will have to become my butler, per the official rules of the FDA.
 
Don't worry, they're not going to shut down the trial based on one possible NDA violation. Millions of dollars spent on drug development in general and double- or gazillion-blinded studies specifically would never be risked if those investments could be sunk by one person over-sharing their experience.
I think there is more danger with "it didn't help me" anecdotes because it might deter recruitment (and delay the trial because recruitment can take as long or longer than the trial itself).

Otherwise, as much as that positive anecdote was fantastic and heartening to read, I am hesitant of them in general because it's a) unverified b) we don't know the medical history of the case, and c) we also really need aggregate data.

Also, if more of these start to make their way to the forum, one off tinnitus anecdotes can be difficult to interpret because they didn't tone match in the study which means someone could have ETD, TMJ or synaptopathy or any number of other causes or cofactors of their particular tinnitus and not see great improvements.

If however they had (as in my case) severe loss at 12000 Hz and tinnitus around the same place, and got improvements at that frequency, that's obviously much more correlated and seems more valuable as a data point.

Over an aggregate though, if everyone in the study had hair cell loss (which they did), there should b,e on average, a response (even if some people got no response because hair cell loss wasn't their main cause).

I also think time since treatment will be a factor as brain neuroplasticity takes time. With phantom limb treatment ("Mirror therapy" to trick the brain into thinking it's getting normal input again) at least, patients get some improvements initially but with time they get even greater improvements.
 
It was me who broke the NDA. I took out a massive short on Frequency Therapeutics. Not only is the stock going to crash, but all of the research will be destroyed, and Carl LeBel will have to become my butler, per the official rules of the FDA.
Hey, I laughed. Well actually I let my lungs sort of spasm since laughing is too loud but you know what I mean.
 
It's not accurate to say there is no evidence.

There is a lot of evidence that in cases where the underlying cause can be treated (e.g., Hydrops) the tinnitus resolves with treating the underlying cause which means it's not "stuck in the brain." See also ear infections and ear wax, ETD, etc.

If you treat TMJ or get cochlear implants or hearing aids often you can improve tinnitus even with their severe (especially in frequency range) limitations.

So, we know the brain isn't "stuck" in maladaptive plasticity. If the cause of auditory interference is hair cell loss and not hydrops (or any other cause), then it wouldn't make sense for the brain suddenly to be stuck in maladaptive plasticity.

They haven't had a study on hair cell regeneration specifically obviously because it hasn't previously been possible, but at the very least we have anecdotal evidence it applies here too per the Tinnitus Talk Podcast interview.
I agree with you, I should have said "poor" evidence instead. Of course I wish it works and I agree there is a possibility for that. I meant I read many people here who look to be so sure despite the fact it's still unsure to me, just a possibility, that I don't know what is going to happen to them if FX-322 is said to be ineffective in 2022 after all this wait.
 
I've posted this here several times but I think it bears repeating, from the Hearing Health Foundation, a reliable source.

"Mounting evidence implicates tinnitus as an indicator of underlying auditory deficits, however mild these deficits might be, and including "hidden hearing loss" that isn't captured via the standard audiogram. This takes us from the former concept of "some form of hearing loss is associated with tinnitus" to a picture in which "tinnitus is a symptom of a form of hearing loss."

"In conclusion, all indications are that tinnitus, when not caused directly by a central nervous system issue (e.g., stroke), is always associated with one or more forms of hearing loss. As a result, although a treatment of most forms of tinnitus will likely emerge in the years to come, curing tinnitus will first require curing hearing loss. It also points to tinnitus potentially being an early symptom of an underlying auditory injury before measurable audiometric changes."

https://hearinghealthfoundation.org/blogs/tinnitus-and-noise-trauma-to-the-inner-ear
The point is I read so many publications and each of them often say the opposite while demonstrating scientifically... I don't trust isolated publications anymore. Just like the scientific community, unless it's published in Nature magazine one thing needs to be supported by several studies and I need to read them (I mean the publications).

Also, why would all these people with hearing loss and no tinnitus exist aka most of the people? There's something missing in the recipe and I'm not comfortable until I find that missing piece.

As for me, my audiogram is superb from 20 Hz to 8000 Hz. However above 11.5 kHz I'm deaf. My tinnitus is around 9 kHz. Do we have evidence tinnitus frequency is related to the starting frequency of the hearing loss? There are chances my hearing starts decreasing at around 9 kHz to dive at 11 kHz.
 
Too true. I think this time we can be more optimistic that FX-322 works due to positive results in the Phase 1B clinical trial. Past clinical trials were about getting rid of tinnitus whereas this time it's regrowing hair cells and synapses.
Excellent summation. It's simply the case that the treatment mechanism is completely different to the treatments in the past. Also treating auditory issues is probably dealing with the underlying cause.
 
I think there is more danger with "it didn't help me" anecdotes because it might deter recruitment (and delay the trial because recruitment can take as long or longer than the trial itself).

Otherwise, as much as that positive anecdote was fantastic and heartening to read, I am hesitant of them in general because it's a) unverified b) we don't know the medical history of the case, and c) we also really need aggregate data.

Also, if more of these start to make their way to the forum, one off tinnitus anecdotes can be difficult to interpret because they didn't tone match in the study which means someone could have ETD, TMJ or synaptopathy or any number of other causes or cofactors of their particular tinnitus and not see great improvements.

If however they had (as in my case) severe loss at 12000 Hz and tinnitus around the same place, and got improvements at that frequency, that's obviously much more correlated and seems more valuable as a data point.

Over an aggregate though, if everyone in the study had hair cell loss (which they did), there should b,e on average, a response (even if some people got no response because hair cell loss wasn't their main cause).

I also think time since treatment will be a factor as brain neuroplasticity takes time. With phantom limb treatment ("Mirror therapy" to trick the brain into thinking it's getting normal input again) at least, patients get some improvements initially but with time they get even greater improvements.
Tinnitus improves with 83% of patients following tympanoplasty, a procedure which can restore function of the tympanic membrane and improve hearing. So yes neuroplasticity is reversible. Also, tinnitus outcomes in Phase 2a will likely fall short for subjects with bilateral hearing loss/tinnitus due to unilateral treatment. Considering the available evidence regarding hearing restoration and tinnitus it is no stretch to believe that this drug will demonstrate efficacy in the higher frequencies.
 
If you would like to learn more about placebo effects and hearing, googling up some studies isn't difficult. Especially in relation to hearing aid trials. Here's one:

Placebo effects in hearing-aid trials are reliable

"Participants compared two devices that were acoustically identical, except one was described as "new" and the other as "conventional". Participants completed a speech-in-noise test, sound quality ratings, and rated overall personal preference for both hearing aids.

"Conclusion: Placebo effects reliably impact on hearing-aid trials. In order to control for placebo effects, double-blind methodology is optimal. However, when double-blinding is not possible other strategies may be appropriate."
The difference is that in the hearing aid study, participants were told one was "new" and the other was "conventional." In the FX-322 trial, participants (and their doctors) have no idea if they're getting FX-322 or placebo.

Someone violating their NDA and saying "hey, this is working," or Frequency Therapeutics' own marketing materials which suggest it works, can't penetrate the double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

FX-322 will either work better than placebo across multiple participants who have no idea what they're getting, or it won't.
 
The point is I read so many publications and each of them often say the opposite while demonstrating scientifically... I don't trust isolated publications anymore. Just like the scientific community, unless it's published in Nature magazine one thing needs to be supported by several studies and I need to read them (I mean the publications).

Also, why would all these people with hearing loss and no tinnitus exist aka most of the people? There's something missing in the recipe and I'm not comfortable until I find that missing piece.

As for me, my audiogram is superb from 20 Hz to 8000 Hz. However above 11.5 kHz I'm deaf. My tinnitus is around 9 kHz. Do we have evidence tinnitus frequency is related to the starting frequency of the hearing loss? There are chances my hearing starts decreasing at around 9 kHz to dive at 11 kHz.
Variations in susceptibility to tinnitus can certainly be attributed to sound processing variations among the population. An example would be tone deafness and the ability to recognize perfect pitch. Latest theories regarding tinnitus include the stochastic model of auditory central gain, of which there will be variations among the population.

Stochastic Resonance Controlled Upregulation of Internal Noise after Hearing Loss as a Putative Cause of Tinnitus-Related Neuronal Hyperactivity
 
Why do they call it phase 2"a"? What does the a mean?
Phase 2 can be divided into two parts. A "2a" focused on figuring out an optimal dose and 2b is more centered around efficacy at this optimal dose.

In this case, it suggests Frequency Therapeutics didn't know what the optimal way to dose their drug for maximum efficacy would be going the study.

A 2b instead would test the optimized dosing (one or sometimes two cohorts, if you were testing a range you think is effective) vs placebo and would best demonstrate effectiveness at the dosing likely to be given clinically.

If they are all effective but one or two cohorts are more effective, they could test efficacy with a 2b/3 or just a 3 since they would have already demonstrated efficacy.
 
Also, why would all these people with hearing loss and no tinnitus exist aka most of the people? There's something missing in the recipe and I'm not comfortable until I find that missing piece.
Dr. Will Sedley talks about this (as well as Dr. Thanos Tzounopoulos). That's two very well respected researchers and not "one off publications."

Some people have more "predictive brains" than others so their brain is trying to work out what sound is supposed to sound like and responds with tinnitus when it doesn't match. It's not brain damage. It's an evolutionary tendency that some people are better at and it makes them quicker thinkers when it comes to some types of stimulation but also makes them prone to tinnitus.

Will Sedley also says stress around the time of the auditory insult may predispose you to it because your brain is in this hypervigilence mode. He didn't say hypervigilence. but he implied something like that.

I recommend reading both those threads and listen to the Tinnitus Talk Podcast if you haven't already. They discuss specifically the question "why doesn't everyone with hearing loss get tinnitus" though both acknowledge hearing loss is linked to tinnitus.

Will Sedley has said specifically (as well as many other researchers) that restoring the hearing problem should absolutely treat tinnitus.
 
  • The Phase 2a day-90 readout will assess all efficacy and safety endpoints following single or multiple doses of FX-322, or placebo.
I was looking for the end of Phase 2a since I couldn't find it in the last pages. So just in case, sharing it here again: summer 2021 at best. Will Phase 3 last even longer? I guess so... in that case no treatment would be available for everyone in the US before 2023-24.
  • FX-322 Phase 2a study of patients with mild to moderately severe acquired SNHL (ages 18-65): The Phase 2a study completed enrollment with 95 patients in September 2020. The Company today announced plans to provide a complete analysis of day-90 Phase 2a study data, which is anticipated late in Q1 2021. The Phase 2a end-of-study (seven month) readout is anticipated late in Q2 2021.
Source: Frequency Therapeutics Announces Expanded FX-322 Clinical Development Program and Upcoming Day-90 Phase 2a Analysis - Frequency Therapeutics (frequencytx.com)
 
Dr. Will Sedley talks about this (as well as Dr. Thanos Tzounopoulos). That's two very well respected researchers and not "one off publications."

Some people have more "predictive brains" than others so their brain is trying to work out what sound is supposed to sound like and responds with tinnitus when it doesn't match. It's not brain damage. It's an evolutionary tendency that some people are better at and it makes them quicker thinkers when it comes to some types of stimulation but also makes them prone to tinnitus.

Will Sedley also says stress around the time of the auditory insult may predispose you to it because your brain is in this hypervigilence mode. He didn't say hypervigilence. but he implied something like that.

I recommend reading both those threads and listen to the Tinnitus Talk Podcast if you haven't already. They discuss specifically the question "why doesn't everyone with hearing loss get tinnitus" though both acknowledge hearing loss is linked to tinnitus.

Will Sedley has said specifically (as well as many other researchers) that restoring the hearing problem should absolutely treat tinnitus.
Honestly this whole "bUt tInNiTus MeAnS bRaIn DaMaGe!!" meme needs to die lol.
 
Variations in susceptibility to tinnitus can certainly be attributed to sound processing variations among the population. An example would be tone deafness and the ability to recognize perfect pitch. Latest theories regarding tinnitus include the stochastic model of auditory central gain, of which there will be variations among the population.

Stochastic Resonance Controlled Upregulation of Internal Noise after Hearing Loss as a Putative Cause of Tinnitus-Related Neuronal Hyperactivity
Thanks for the link, interesting abstract read.
Dr. Will Sedley talks about this (as well as Dr. Thanos Tzounopoulos). That's two very well respected researchers and not "one off publications."

Some people have more "predictive brains" than others so their brain is trying to work out what sound is supposed to sound like and responds with tinnitus when it doesn't match. It's not brain damage. It's an evolutionary tendency that some people are better at and it makes them quicker thinkers when it comes to some types of stimulation but also makes them prone to tinnitus.

Will Sedley also says stress around the time of the auditory insult may predispose you to it because your brain is in this hypervigilence mode. He didn't say hypervigilence. but he implied something like that.

I recommend reading both those threads and listen to the Tinnitus Talk Podcast if you haven't already. They discuss specifically the question "why doesn't everyone with hearing loss get tinnitus" though both acknowledge hearing loss is linked to tinnitus.

Will Sedley has said specifically (as well as many other researchers) that restoring the hearing problem should absolutely treat tinnitus.
Stress is definitely something to consider as we know how far our sympathetic nerve system can go when it comes to inflammation process (immune system at the front called by TNF cytokines, etc. that same TNF we try to fight in many auto immune diseases if not most of them). So of course at the time of natural healing, right after the accident, I guess stress won't help and will maintain inflammation, maybe long enough for the brain to build that specific plasticity which won't go away after a couple of days. That's... only me thinking out loud, sorry.

But I like to read I'm a quick thinker :D
 
Honestly this whole "bUt tInNiTus MeAnS bRaIn DaMaGe!!" meme needs to die lol.
Unfortunately decades of mis-invested research have created this "status-quo" about tinnitus and hearing loss, that seems to be on-going. I've seen research as recent as 2019 that regurgitates basically the same findings as the decade prior on tinnitus. It's mildly infuriating the amount of resources wasted chasing a red-herring.

The results of the FX-322 Phase 2A may provide the first glimpse into treating one type of tinnitus; a symptom of NIHL/SNHL.
 
Stress is definitely something to consider as we know how far our sympathetic nerve system can go when it comes to inflammation process (immune system at the front called by TNF cytokines, etc. that same TNF we try to fight in many auto immune diseases if not most of them). So of course at the time of natural healing, right after the accident, I guess stress won't help and will maintain inflammation, maybe long enough for the brain to build that specific plasticity which won't go away after a couple of days. That's... only me thinking out loud, sorry.
Honestly though this would actually make a lot of sense in my case lol. I had whiplash and shortly after a noise incident (100 dB alarm for 2-3 seconds). No issues however, until a few days later I had a major panic attack that lasted several days (from an earwax blocked ear)... and then the tinnitus came about. So I'm assuming this messy combination but especially the stress from the blocked ear (and that temporary muffled hearing) is what gave me tinnitus.
 
  • The Phase 2a day-90 readout will assess all efficacy and safety endpoints following single or multiple doses of FX-322, or placebo.
I was looking for the end of Phase 2a since I couldn't find it in the last pages. So just in case, sharing it here again: summer 2021 at best. Will Phase 3 last even longer? I guess so... in that case no treatment would be available for everyone in the US before 2023-24.
  • FX-322 Phase 2a study of patients with mild to moderately severe acquired SNHL (ages 18-65): The Phase 2a study completed enrollment with 95 patients in September 2020. The Company today announced plans to provide a complete analysis of day-90 Phase 2a study data, which is anticipated late in Q1 2021. The Phase 2a end-of-study (seven month) readout is anticipated late in Q2 2021.
Source: Frequency Therapeutics Announces Expanded FX-322 Clinical Development Program and Upcoming Day-90 Phase 2a Analysis - Frequency Therapeutics (frequencytx.com)
Not necessarily going to be longer. One thing that is believed to be happening is the Phase 2a trial might be determining whether FX-322 shows good enough results after 90 days to demonstrate appropriate benefit or whether they need to go the full 7 months.

Therefore there is a reasonable likelihood that this will make Phase 3 shorter if they only need to wait 90 days to show results, even if the results are better after 7 months. Not to mention there won't be the delays in Phase 3 around things like recruiting and coronavirus which pushed this trial out further.
 

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