What's the system like in Sweden?
There are a few entities involved, regular insurance companies still exist, but the major players are the state agencies:
Socialstyrelsen
They exist to help poor people survive. They provide monetary assistance(and in three cases that I know of, housing as well) that you generally have to apply for every month if your application is accepted.
There is one part for every municipality, and they can vary wildly in their ways and wants from people that seek help.
Generally, their main condition for you to get anything is that you must have exhausted all other options, including getting donations from friends and family.
Försäkringskassan
They used to be the cornerstone of the security-net as working people could apply for compensation the days they are sick and should stay at home. They also provide early retirement plans for people that will never again be able to work.
Their methods are very bureaucratic. If you have a job with a serious employer, there are usually no problems.
If you do not have a job, or if your ailment is rare or poorly understood, oh boy.
It used to be that doctors who examine the patient send in a form that Försäkringskassan looks at which tell them about how the patient is unable to work.
Nowadays they have their own doctors. You as a patient are still required to see your own doctor, and that doctor must still provide the documents, but the doctors employed by Föräskringskassan can appeal against what your doctor says, even though they never ever meet the patient.
Retarded part 2: It's not the doctors who decide if a patient will get help or not.
The administrators at Föräskringskassan do that, based on guidelines, and sometimes pressure from managers higher up.
There was a news-article from a few years back, where national reporters uncovered that the ones who make the decisions about patient-help, get higher wages when they deny more applicants.
Retarded part 3:
They are almost impossible to contact.
When you apply for help, you get assigned an administrator for your specific case. They can only be reached by phone, and their phone-times are limited to around 2-4 hours every day, very early. Long waiting times, and most of the time you spend your time waiting for nothing. They will never contact you except by sending letters.
The one who makes the final decision for your case is obligated to put their contact info on the document with the final decision, but similarly, they cannot be contacted.
All this has made the organization practically defunct.
The only thing you can do when Försäksingskassan has made a wrong decision, is to appeal in court.
Luckily doing so is free, and there are three instances of court that one can go through.
I am currently at the second.